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Bincike kan Jinkirin Harakokin Kayan Mota da Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Fibers Retardant a cikin Motoci

Tare da saurin bunƙasa masana'antar kera motoci, motoci - da ake amfani da su don zirga-zirga ko jigilar kayayyaki - sun zama kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a rayuwar mutane. Yayin da motoci ke ba da sauƙi, suna kuma haifar da haɗari na aminci, kamar haɗarin zirga-zirga da konewa na gaggawa. Sakamakon killace sararin samaniya da kayan cikin gida da ake ci da wuta, da zarar gobara ta tashi a cikin abin hawa, sau da yawa yana da wahala a iya sarrafa shi, wanda ke jefa rayuka da dukiyoyin fasinjoji cikin hatsari. Don haka, lafiyar wuta a cikin motoci ya kamata ya zama babban abin damuwa ga masu amfani.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da gobarar abin hawa gabaɗaya za a iya karkasa su zuwa:
(1) Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da abin hawa, gami da lahani na lantarki, ɗigon mai, da juzu'in inji wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare mara kyau, shigarwa, ko kiyayewa.
(2) Abubuwan waje, kamar karo, jujjuyawa, konewa, ko wuraren kunna wuta da ba a kula ba.

Sabbin motocin makamashi, sanye da manyan batura masu ƙarfin ƙarfi, suna da saurin kamuwa da gobara saboda gajeriyar da'irar da ke haifar da karo, huda, guduwar zafi daga yanayin zafi, ko wuce gona da iri yayin caji cikin sauri.

01 Bincike akan Cire Harshen Harshen Kayan Aiki

An fara nazarin abubuwan da ke hana wuta a ƙarshen karni na 19 a Amurka. Tare da ci gaban fasaha a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami sabbin buƙatun bincike game da jinkirin wuta na kayan cikin mota, galibi a yankuna masu zuwa:

Na farko, bincike na ka'idar akan jinkirin harshen wuta. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike a kasar Sin sun ba da muhimmanci sosai kan nazarin hanyoyin kona zaruruwa da robobi daban-daban, da kuma yadda ake amfani da abubuwan da ke hana wuta.

Na biyu, haɓaka kayan hana wuta. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan kayan hana wuta da yawa da ke ƙarƙashin haɓakawa. A cikin ƙasashen duniya, an yi nasarar amfani da kayan kamar PPS, fiber carbon, da fiber gilashi a cikin masana'antu daban-daban.

Na uku, bincike akan yadudduka masu hana wuta. Yadudduka masu riƙe wuta suna da sauƙin samarwa kuma suna da inganci sosai. Duk da yake an riga an haɓaka masana'antar auduga mai ɗaukar wuta da kyau, bincike kan sauran yadudduka masu hana wuta ya rage a China.

Na hudu, ƙa'idoji da hanyoyin gwaji don kayan hana wuta.

Ana iya rarraba kayan cikin mota gabaɗaya zuwa rukuni uku:

Kayan da ke tushen fiber (misali, kujeru, kafet, bel ɗin kujera)—wanda aka fi amfani da shi kuma yana hulɗa kai tsaye tare da fasinjoji.
Abubuwan da ke tushen filastik.
Kayan da aka yi da roba.

Abubuwan da ke tushen fiber, kasancewa masu ƙonewa sosai kuma suna kusa da fasinjoji, suna haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci idan akwai wuta. Bugu da ƙari, wasu abubuwan abin hawa, kamar batura da injuna, suna kusa da kayan masaku, suna ƙara yuwuwar yaduwar wuta. Don haka, nazarin jinkirin wutar kayan cikin mota yana da mahimmanci don jinkirta konewa da samar da ƙarin lokacin tserewa ga fasinjoji.

02 Rarraba Fiber Retardant

A cikin aikace-aikacen yadin masana'antu, kayan masarufi na motoci sun mamaye kaso mai mahimmanci. Matsakaicin motar fasinja ta ƙunshi kusan kilogiram 20 – 40 na kayan ciki, waɗanda galibinsu kayan yadi ne, waɗanda suka haɗa da murfin wurin zama, matattakala, bel ɗin kujera, da wuraren kwana. Waɗannan kayan suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da amincin direbobi da fasinja, suna buƙatar kaddarorin hana wuta don rage yaduwar harshen da ƙara lokacin tserewa.

Zaɓuɓɓuka masu hana wutaana siffanta su azaman zaruruwa waɗanda ko dai ba sa ƙonewa ko ƙonewa ba tare da gamawa ba yayin saduwa da tushen wuta, suna haifar da ƙarancin wuta da kashe kai da sauri da zarar an cire tushen wuta. Ƙayyadadden Oxygen Index (LOI) yawanci ana amfani dashi don auna flammability, tare da LOI sama da 21% yana nuna ƙarancin wuta.

Fiber retardant na harshen wuta sun kasu kashi biyu:

Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Halitta
Waɗannan zaruruwa suna da ginanniyar ƙungiyoyin masu hana wuta a cikin sarƙoƙinsu na polymer, suna haɓaka kwanciyar hankali, haɓaka yanayin zafi, danne haɓakar iskar gas mai ƙonewa, da haɓaka haɓakar char. Misalai sun haɗa da:

Aramid fibers (misali, para-aramid, meta-aramid)
Polyimide zaruruwa (misali, Kermel, P84)
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
Polybenzimidazole (PBI).
Melamine fibers (misali, Basofil)

Meta-aramid, polysulfonamide, polyimide, da zaruruwan PPS an riga an samar da su da yawa a China.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙuntatawa
Wadannan zaruruwa suna samun jinkirin harshen wuta ta hanyar ƙari ko jiyya na saman, gami da:

Polyester mai ɗaukar wuta
Nailan mai kare harshen wuta
Flame retardant viscose
Flame retardant polypropylene

Hanyoyin gyaran gyare-gyare sun haɗa da haɗakarwa, haɗawa, haɗaɗɗen kadi, grafting, da bayan kammalawa.

03 Aikace-aikace na Fiber Retardant na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa a cikin Kariyar Mota

Abubuwan da ke hana harshen wuta dole ne su cika takamaiman buƙatu saboda ƙarancin sarari. Ba kamar sauran aikace-aikacen ba, waɗannan kayan yakamata ko dai su yi tsayayya da ƙonewa ko nuna ƙimar ƙonawa mai sarrafawa (misali, ≤70 mm/min na motocin fasinja).

Bugu da ƙari, la'akari sun haɗa da:

Karancin yawan hayaki da ƙarancin iskar gas mai gubadon tabbatar da amincin fasinja.
Anti-static Propertiesdon hana gobara da tururin man fetur ko tara kura.

Kididdiga ta nuna cewa kowace mota tana amfani da 20-42 m² na kayan masaku, wanda ke nuni da yuwuwar girma a cikin masakun mota. An rarraba waɗannan masakun zuwa nau'ikan kayan aiki da na ado, tare da ƙara mai da hankali kan aiki-musamman jinkirin harshen wuta-saboda matsalolin tsaro.

Ana amfani da yadudduka masu ɗorewa mai ƙarfi a cikin: