Gabatarwa ga Masu Hana Wutar Lantarki Masu Tushen Nitrogen don Nailan

Gabatarwa ga Masu Hana Wutar Lantarki Masu Tushen Nitrogen don Nailan

Ana siffanta masu hana harshen wuta na tushen nitrogen da ƙarancin guba, rashin lalatawa, kwanciyar hankali na zafi da na UV, ingantaccen ingancin hana harshen wuta, da kuma ingancin farashi. Duk da haka, rashin amfanin su sun haɗa da wahalhalun sarrafawa da rashin wargajewa a cikin matrix na polymer. Magungunan hana harshen wuta na tushen nitrogen da aka saba amfani da su don nailan sun haɗa da MCA (melamine cyanurate), melamine, da MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Tsarin hana harshen wuta ya ƙunshi fannoni biyu:

1. Tsarin Jiki na "Sublimation and Endothermic": Mai hana harshen wuta yana rage zafin saman kayan polymer kuma yana ware shi daga iska ta hanyar sublimation da shaƙar zafi.
2. Tsarin Carbonization da Intumescent a cikin Matakin Tarawa: Maganin hana harshen wuta yana hulɗa da nailan, yana haɓaka carbonization kai tsaye da faɗaɗawa.

MCA tana nuna ayyuka biyu a cikin tsarin hana harshen wuta, wanda ke haɓaka carbonization da kumfa. Tsarin hana harshen wuta da ingancinsa sun bambanta dangane da nau'in nailan. Nazarin da aka yi kan MCA da MPP a cikin PA6 da PA66 ya nuna cewa waɗannan masu hana harshen wuta suna haifar da haɗin gwiwa a cikin PA66 amma suna haɓaka lalata a cikin PA6, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen aikin hana harshen wuta a cikin PA66 fiye da na PA6.

1. Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

Ana haɗa MCA daga melamine da cyanuric acid a cikin ruwa, yana samar da hanyar haɗi mai haɗin hydrogen. Yana da kyakkyawan maganin hana halogen, ƙarancin guba, kuma mai rage hayaki wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin polymers na nailan. Duk da haka, MCA na gargajiya yana da babban wurin narkewa (yana rugujewa da kuma rage zafi sama da 400°C) kuma ana iya haɗa shi da resins kawai a cikin sifar barbashi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da wargajewa mara daidaituwa da girman barbashi mai girma, wanda ke yin mummunan tasiri ga ingancin hana wuta. Bugu da ƙari, MCA yana aiki ne kawai a lokacin iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin samuwar char da kuma sassautawa, yadudduka na carbon marasa kariya yayin ƙonewa.

Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, an yi amfani da fasahar haɗakar ƙwayoyin halitta don gyara MCA ta hanyar gabatar da ƙarin ƙarin maganin hana harshen wuta (WEX), wanda ke rage wurin narkewar MCA, yana ba da damar narkewar haɗin gwiwa da watsawa mai kyau tare da PA6. WEX kuma yana haɓaka samuwar char yayin ƙonewa, yana inganta ingancin layin carbon da ƙarfafa tasirin hana harshen wuta na MCA, ta haka yana samar da kayan hana harshen wuta tare da kyakkyawan aiki.

2. Ciwon Wuta (IFR)

IFR wani muhimmin tsarin hana harshen wuta ne wanda ba shi da halogen. Fa'idodinsa akan masu hana harshen wuta na halogen sun haɗa da ƙarancin hayaki da kuma fitar da iskar gas mara guba yayin ƙonewa. Bugu da ƙari, layin wuta da IFR ya samar na iya shanye narkakken polymer, ƙonewa, yana hana digowa da yaɗuwar wuta.

Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin IFR sun haɗa da:

• Tushen iskar gas (mahaɗan da ke tushen melamine)
• Tushen acid (masu hana harshen wuta na phosphorus-nitrogen)
• Tushen iskar carbon (nailan kanta)
• Ƙarin sinadarai masu haɗaka (misali, zinc borate, aluminum hydroxide) da kuma magungunan hana digawa.

Idan rabon taro na masu hana harshen wuta na phosphorus-nitrogen zuwa mahaɗan da suka dogara da melamine shine:

• Kasa da kashi 1%: Rashin isasshen tasirin hana harshen wuta.
• Sama da 30%: Volatilization yana faruwa yayin sarrafawa.
• Tsakanin 1%–30% (musamman 7%–20%): Ingantaccen aikin hana harshen wuta ba tare da shafar yadda ake sarrafa shi ba.

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