Tsarin Narkewa da Watsawa na Masu Rage Wuta Mai Ƙarfi a cikin Tsarin Manne na Polyurethane AB

Tsarin Narkewa da Watsawa na Masu Rage Wuta Mai Ƙarfi a cikin Tsarin Manne na Polyurethane AB

Don narkar da/watsawar abubuwan hana harshen wuta kamar aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), aluminum hydroxide (ATH), zinc borate, da melamine cyanurate (MCA) a cikin tsarin manne na polyurethane AB, manyan matakan sun haɗa da magani kafin a fara amfani da su, watsawa a mataki-mataki, da kuma kula da danshi sosai. Ga cikakken tsari (ga manyan hanyoyin hana harshen wuta; ana iya daidaita wasu hanyoyin yadda ya kamata).

I. Ka'idoji Masu Muhimmanci

1. "Narkewa" a zahiri shine warwatsewa: Dole ne a watsar da abubuwan hana harshen wuta masu ƙarfi a cikin polyol (A-component) don samar da dakatarwa mai ƙarfi.
2. Kafin a yi wa masu hana harshen wuta magani: Magance matsalolin sha danshi, tara abubuwa, da kuma amsawa da isocyanates.
3. Ƙarawa mataki-mataki: Ƙara kayan aiki bisa ga yawansu da girman ƙwayoyin cuta don guje wa yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke yaɗuwa a wurare daban-daban.
4. Tsananin sarrafa danshi: Ruwa yana cinye isocyanate (-NCO) a cikin sashin B, wanda ke haifar da rashin warkarwa mai kyau.

II. Cikakken Tsarin Aiki (Ya dogara ne akan sassan polyol 100 a cikin A-component)

Mataki na 1: Maganin hana harshen wuta kafin a fara amfani da shi (awanni 24 kafin a fara amfani da shi)

• Aluminum Hypophosphite (AHP, sassa 10):
  • Rufin saman da aka yi da silane couple agent (KH-550) ko titanate couple agent (NDZ-201):
    • A gauraya sinadarin hadawa na sassa 0.5 + sassa 2 na ethanol mai hana ruwa shiga, a gauraya na tsawon minti 10 don a samu sinadarin hydrolysis.
    • Sai a zuba garin AHP a juya a babban gudu (1000 rpm) na tsawon minti 20.
    • A busar da shi a cikin tanda a zafin digiri 80 na Celsius na tsawon awanni 2, sannan a ajiye a rufe.
• Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH, sassa 25):
  • Yi amfani da ATH mai girman submicron, wanda aka gyara shi da silane (misali, Wandu WD-WF-20). Idan ba a gyara shi ba, yi amfani da shi kamar yadda aka yi da AHP.
• MCA (sassa 6) da Zinc Borate (sassa 4):
  • A busar da shi a digiri 60 na Celsius na tsawon awanni 4 domin cire danshi, sannan a tace a cikin wani allo mai kauri 300.

Mataki na 2: Tsarin Watsawa na A-Component (Polyol Gefen)

1. Haɗa Tushe:
   • A zuba sassan polyol guda 100 (misali, polyether polyol PPG) a cikin akwati busasshe.
   • Ƙara sassa 0.3 na sinadarin polysiloxane mai daidaita polyether (misali, BYK-333).
2. Rarrabawa Kafin Rarrabawa Mai Sauri:
   • Sai a saka na'urorin hana harshen wuta a cikin tsari: ATH (sassa 25) → AHP (sassa 10) → zinc borate (sassa 4) → MCA (sassa 6).
   • A juya a 300-500 rpm na tsawon minti 10 har sai babu busasshen foda da ya rage.
3. Yaɗuwar Ragewar Jiki Mai Girma:
   • Canja zuwa na'urar watsawa mai sauri (≥1500 rpm) na tsawon minti 30.
   • Kula da zafin jiki ≤50°C (don hana iskar shaka ta polyol).
4. Niƙa & Gyarawa (Muhimmi!):
   • A ratsa ta cikin injin niƙa mai naɗewa uku ko injin niƙa yashi na kwando sau 2-3 har sai ya yi laushi ≤30μm (an gwada shi ta hanyar Hegman gauge).
5. Daidaita Danko da Rage Danko:
   • Ƙara sassa 0.5 na silica mai kama da hydrophobic (Aerosil R202) don hana tsagewa.
   • Ƙara sassan silicone defoamer 0.2 (misali, Tego Airex 900).
   • A juya a 200 rpm na minti 15 don cire gas ɗin.

Mataki na 3: Maganin B-Component (Bangaren Isocyanate)

• Ƙara sieve na kwayoyin halitta guda 4-6 (misali, Zeochem 3A) zuwa sashin B (misali, MDI prepolymer) don sha danshi.
• Idan ana amfani da ruwan phosphorus mai hana harshen wuta (zaɓin ƙarancin ɗanko), sai a haɗa kai tsaye a cikin sinadarin B sannan a gauraya na tsawon minti 10.

Mataki na 4: Haɗawa da Magance Abubuwan AB

• Rabon haɗawa: Bi tsarin manne na AB na asali (misali, A:B = 100:50).
• Tsarin hadawa:
  • Yi amfani da mahaɗin duniyoyi biyu ko bututun haɗa abubuwa marasa motsi.
  • A gauraya na tsawon minti 2-3 har sai ya yi daidai (babu threading).
• Yanayin warkarwa:
  • Tsaftace zafin jiki na ɗaki: awanni 24 (an tsawaita shi da kashi 30% saboda shaƙar zafi mai hana harshen wuta).
  • Haɓakawar zafi: 60°C/awanni 2 (an tabbatar da sakamakon da ba shi da kumfa).

III. Mahimman Mahimman Mahimman Mahimman Ma'aunin Kula da Tsarin Aiki

IV. Madadin Hanyoyin Watsawa (Ba tare da Kayan Niƙa ba)

1. Gyaran ƙwallon ƙwallon kafin a fara:
   • Haɗa masu hana harshen wuta da polyol a rabo 1:1, niƙa ƙwallon na tsawon awanni 4 (ƙwallon zirconia, girman 2mm).
2. Hanyar Batch Mai Kyau:
   • A shirya babban masterbatch mai hana harshen wuta kashi 50% (polyol a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto), sannan a narke kafin a yi amfani da shi.
3. Ultrasonic watsawa:
   • A shafa ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, minti 10) a cikin slurry da aka riga aka haɗa (ya dace da ƙananan rukuni).

V. Shawarwarin Aiwatarwa

1. Gwaji na ƙaramin sikelin farko: Gwada da 100g na A-partment, mai da hankali kan daidaiton danko (sauyin awanni 24 <10%) da saurin warkarwa.
2. Dokar ƙara jerin abubuwan hana harshen wuta:
   • "Da farko mai nauyi, daga baya mai sauƙi; da farko mai kyau, daga baya mai kauri" → ATH (mai nauyi) → AHP (mai kyau) → zinc borate (matsakaici) → MCA (mai sauƙi/mai kauri).
3. Gyaran matsala ta gaggawa:
   • Ƙara yawan danko nan take: Ƙara 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) don narkewa.
   • Rashin kyawun warkarwa: Ƙara kashi 5% na MDI da aka gyara (misali, Wanhua PM-200) zuwa ga ɓangaren B.