Rushewa da Tsarin Watsawa na Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a cikin Tsarin Adhesive na Polyurethane AB

Rushewa da Tsarin Watsawa na Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a cikin Tsarin Adhesive na Polyurethane AB

Don rushewa / tarwatsa masu tsattsauran harshen wuta irin su aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), aluminum hydroxide (ATH), zinc borate, da melamine cyanurate (MCA) a cikin tsarin manne polyurethane AB, matakai masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da pretreatment, tarwatsawa mataki, da kuma kula da danshi mai tsanani. Da ke ƙasa akwai cikakken tsari (don manyan abubuwan da ke hana harshen wuta, za a iya daidaita sauran hanyoyin daidai).

I. Ƙa'idodin Mahimmanci

1. “Rushewa” da gaske tarwatsewa ne: Dole ne a tarwatsa madaidaitan masu riƙe da wuta a cikin polyol (A-bangaren) don samar da tsayayyen dakatarwa.
2. Pretreatment na harshen wuta retardants: Magance al'amurran da suka shafi sha danshi, agglomeration, da reactivity tare da isocyanates.
3. Ƙarin mataki na mataki: Ƙara kayan aiki cikin tsari na yawa da girman barbashi don guje wa babban taro na gida.
4. Ƙuntataccen danshi: Ruwa yana cinye isocyanate (-NCO) a cikin ɓangaren B, yana haifar da rashin lafiya.

II. Cikakken Tsarin Aiki (Bisa ga sassa 100 polyol a cikin A-bangaren)

Mataki na 1: Maganin Gyaran Wuta (awa 24 gaba)

• Aluminum Hypophosphite (AHP, sassa 10):
  • Shafi na sama tare da silane coupling agent (KH-550) ko titanate coupling agent (NDZ-201):
    • Mix 0.5 sassa hada biyu wakili + 2 sassa anhydrous ethanol, motsawa na 10 min don hydrolysis.
    • Ƙara AHP foda da motsawa a babban gudun (1000 rpm) na 20 min.
    • A bushe a cikin tanda a 80 ° C na tsawon sa'o'i 2, sannan adana a rufe.
• Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH, sassa 25):
  • Yi amfani da girman ƙananan ƙananan, silane-gyara ATH (misali, Wandu WD-WF-20). Idan ba a canza ba, bi da irin wannan zuwa AHP.
• MCA (6 sassa) & Zinc Borate ( sassa 4):
  • A bushe a 60 ° C na tsawon sa'o'i 4 don cire danshi, sa'an nan kuma zazzage ta hanyar allon raga 300.

Mataki na 2: Tsarin Watsawa A-Babban (Polyol Side).

1. Haɗin Gindi:
   • Ƙara sassa 100 polyol (misali, polyether polyol PPG) zuwa busasshen akwati.
   • Ƙara sassa 0.3 polyether-gyara polysiloxane madaidaicin wakili (misali, BYK-333).
2. Pre-Watsawa Mai Karancin Sauri:
   • Ƙara masu ɗaukar wuta a cikin tsari: ATH (ɓangarorin 25) → AHP (ɓangarorin 10) → borate zinc (ɓangare 4) → MCA ( sassa 6).
   • Dama a 300-500 rpm na 10 min har sai babu busassun foda ya rage.
3. Watsawa Mai Girma:
   • Canja zuwa mai watsawa mai sauri (≥1500 rpm) na 30 min.
   • Sarrafa zafin jiki ≤50 ° C (don hana polyol oxidation).
4. Nika & Gyara (Mahimmanci!):
   • Shiga cikin injin niƙa uku ko kwandon yashi sau 2-3 har sai an gwada ≤30μm (an gwada ta hanyar ma'aunin Hegman).
5. Daidaita Danko & Rage kumfa:
   • Ƙara sassa 0.5 hydrophobic fumed silica (Aerosil R202) don hana daidaitawa.
   • Ƙara sassa 0.2 na defoamer silicone (misali, Tego Airex 900).
   • Dama a 200 rpm na mintina 15 don cirewa.

Mataki na 3: Jiyya na Bangaren B (Isocyanate Side).

• Ƙara sassan 4-6 kwayoyin sieve (misali, Zeochem 3A) zuwa ɓangaren B (misali, MDI prepolymer) don shayar da danshi.
• Idan ana amfani da magudanar harshen wuta na phosphorus (zaɓin ƙarancin danko), kai tsaye gauraya cikin ɓangaren B kuma motsawa na minti 10.

Mataki na 4: Haɗawa da Magance Bangaren AB

• Matsakaicin hadawa: Bi ainihin ƙirar manne AB (misali, A: B = 100:50).
• Tsarin hadawa:
  • Yi amfani da mahaɗin duniya mai sassa biyu ko bututu mai gaurayawa.
  • Mix don 2-3 min har sai uniform (babu kirtani).
• Yanayin warkewa:
  • Maganin zafin daki: sa'o'i 24 (wanda aka tsawaita da 30% saboda saurin ɗaukar zafi).
  • Gaggauta warkewa: 60°C/2 hours (tabbatar da sakamakon da babu kumfa).

III. Maɓallin Sarrafa Maɓalli

IV. Madadin Hanyoyin Watsawa (Ba tare da Kayan Nika ba)

1. Maganin niƙa ƙwallo:
   • Mix da masu kare wuta da polyol a rabo na 1: 1, injin ball na tsawon sa'o'i 4 (ƙwallan zirconia, girman 2mm).
2. Hanyar Masterbatch:
   • Shirya 50% na wuta retardant masterbatch (polyol a matsayin mai ɗauka), sannan a tsoma kafin amfani.
3. Ultrasonic watsawa:
   • Aiwatar ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 min) zuwa premixed slurry (dace da kananan batches).

V. Shawarwari na Aiwatarwa

1. Gwajin ƙananan ƙananan farko: Gwaji tare da 100g na A-bangaren, mai da hankali kan kwanciyar hankali (canji 24h <10%) da saurin warkarwa.
2. Ƙa'idar ƙarar harshen wuta:
   • "Nauyi na farko, haske daga baya; lafiya na farko, m daga baya" → ATH (nauyi) → AHP (lafiya) → borate zinc (matsakaici) → MCA (haske / m).
3. Magance matsalar gaggawa:
   • Ƙaruwar danko kwatsam: Ƙara 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) don tsarma.
   • Magance mara kyau: Ƙara 5% gyara MDI (misali, Wanhua PM-200) zuwa ɓangaren B.