Bincike da Inganta Tsarin Maganin Da Ke Hana Wutar Lantarki don Rufin PVC

Bincike da Inganta Tsarin Maganin Da Ke Hana Wutar Lantarki don Rufin PVC

Abokin ciniki yana ƙera tantunan PVC kuma yana buƙatar shafa wani shafi mai hana harshen wuta. Tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ya ƙunshi sassa 60 na resin PVC, sassa 40 na TOTM, sassa 30 na aluminum hypophosphite (tare da kashi 40% na phosphorus), sassa 10 na MCA, sassa 8 na zinc borate, tare da masu warwatsewa. Duk da haka, aikin hana harshen wuta bai yi kyau ba, kuma watsawar masu hana harshen wuta shi ma bai isa ba. A ƙasa akwai nazarin dalilan da kuma daidaitawar da aka tsara ga dabarar.

I. Manyan Dalilan Rashin Jinkirin Wuta

1. Tsarin Rashin Daidaito na Rage Wuta tare da Rauni na Tasirin Haɗin gwiwa

• Yawan sinadarin aluminum hypophosphite (sassa 30):
  Duk da cewa aluminum hypophosphite abu ne mai hana harshen wuta wanda aka yi da phosphorus (kashi 40% na sinadarin phosphorus), ƙarin da ya wuce kima (fiye da sassa 25) na iya haifar da:
• Ƙara yawan danko a tsarin, yana sa watsewa ya zama da wahala da kuma samar da wuraren da aka haɗa waɗanda ke hanzarta ƙonewa ("tasirin wick").
• Rage taurin kayan aiki da kuma lalacewar halayen samar da fim saboda yawan cikawa mara tsari.
• Babban abun ciki na MCA (sassa 10):
  Yawanci ana amfani da MCA (wanda aka yi da nitrogen) a matsayin maganin haɗin gwiwa. Idan adadin ya wuce sassa 5, yakan yi ƙaura zuwa saman, yana ƙara ƙarfin hana harshen wuta kuma yana iya tsoma baki tare da sauran abubuwan hana harshen wuta.
• Rashin manyan masu haɗin gwiwa:
  Duk da cewa zinc borate yana da tasirin rage hayaki, rashin sinadaran antimony (misali, antimony trioxide) ko ƙarfe oxide (misali, aluminum hydroxide) yana hana samuwar tsarin haɗin gwiwa na "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", wanda ke haifar da rashin isasshen jinkirin harshen wuta na gas.

2. Rashin Daidaito Tsakanin Zaɓin Mai Sanyaya Roba da Manufofin Dakatar da Wuta

• TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) yana da ƙarancin jinkirin harshen wuta:
  TOTM ta yi fice a juriyar zafi amma ba ta da tasiri sosai a juriyar wuta idan aka kwatanta da phosphate esters (misali, TOTP). Don aikace-aikacen hana wuta mai ƙarfi kamar rufin tanti, TOTM ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin caji da hana iskar oxygen ba.
• Rashin isasshen jimillar filastik (sassa 40 kacal):
  Yawanci resin PVC yana buƙatar sassa 60-75 na plasticizer don cikakken plasticization. Ƙarancin abun ciki na plasticizer yana haifar da ɗanko mai yawa, wanda ke ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin watsawa na hana harshen wuta.

3. Tsarin Watsawa Mara Inganci Yana Haifar da Rarraba Wuta Mara Daidaito

• Na'urar watsawa ta yanzu na iya zama nau'in da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya (misali, stearic acid ko kakin PE), wanda ba shi da tasiri ga masu hana harshen wuta mai yawan aiki (aluminum hypophosphite + zinc borate wanda ya ƙunshi sassa 48), wanda ke haifar da:
• Haɗuwar ƙwayoyin da ke hana harshen wuta, ƙirƙirar wurare marasa ƙarfi a cikin murfin.
• Rashin kyawun kwararar narkewa yayin sarrafawa, yana haifar da zafi mai zafi wanda ke haifar da ruɓewa da wuri.

4. Rashin Dacewa Tsakanin Masu Hana Wuta Da PVC

• Kayan da ba su da sinadarai kamar aluminum hypophosphite da zinc borate suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin su da PVC. Ba tare da gyaran saman ba (misali, sinadaran haɗin silane), rabuwar lokaci yana faruwa, wanda ke rage ingancin hana wuta.

II. Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin

1. Sauya Babban Plasticizer da TOTP

• Yi amfani da kyakkyawan juriyar harshen wuta (ƙarin phosphorus ≈9%) da tasirin plasticizing.

2. Inganta Ratio na Rage Wuta da Haɗin gwiwa

• A riƙe sinadarin aluminum hypophosphite a matsayin tushen sinadarin phosphorus na asali, amma a rage yawan sinadarin sosai don inganta yaɗuwa da kuma rage tasirin "wick".
• A riƙe zinc borate a matsayin babban mai haɗin gwiwa (yana haɓaka ƙonawa da rage hayaki).
• A riƙe MCA a matsayin mai haɗa sinadarin nitrogen amma a rage yawansa don hana ƙaura.
• Gabatar daUltrafine aluminum hydroxide (ATH)a matsayin bangaren ayyuka masu yawa:
• Rashin ƙarfin harshen wuta:Rushewar sinadaran endothermic (dehydration), sanyaya jiki, da kuma narkewar iskar gas mai ƙonewa.
• Dakatar da hayaki:Yana rage yawan samar da hayaki sosai.
• Mai cikawa:Yana rage farashi (idan aka kwatanta da sauran na'urorin hana wuta).
• Inganta watsawa da kwarara (matakin ultrafine):Ya fi sauƙin warwatsewa fiye da ATH na al'ada, yana rage yawan danko.

3. Maganganu Masu Ƙarfi Don Matsalolin Yaɗuwa

• Ƙara yawan sinadarin plasticizer sosai:Tabbatar da cikakken tsarin filastik na PVC da kuma rage danko na tsarin.
• Yi amfani da super-dispersants masu inganci:An tsara shi musamman don foda marasa tsari masu yawa, waɗanda aka haɗa cikin sauƙi (aluminum hypophosphite, ATH).
• Inganta sarrafawa (kafin haɗawa yana da mahimmanci):Tabbatar da jika sosai da kuma watsar da abubuwan hana harshen wuta.

4. Tabbatar da Daidaito a Tsarin Aiki

• Ƙara isassun na'urorin daidaita zafi da man shafawa masu dacewa.

III. Tsarin PVC Mai Jure Harsashi

IV. Bayanan Tsarin da Mahimman Mahimman Mahimmanci

1. TOTP shine Tushen Tushe

• Sassan 65–75yana tabbatar da:
• Cikakken filastik: PVC yana buƙatar isasshen filastik don ƙirƙirar fim mai laushi da ci gaba.
• Rage danko: Yana da mahimmanci don inganta watsawa na na'urorin hana harshen wuta marasa amfani.
• Rashin ƙarfin harshen wuta a ciki: TOTP da kanta tana da matuƙar tasiri wajen hana harshen wuta yin plasticizer.

2. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu hana harshen wuta

• Haɗin kai na PNB-Al:Aluminum hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) suna samar da haɗin gwiwa na tushen PN. Zinc borate (B, Zn) yana haɓaka wutar lantarki da rage hayaki. Ultrafine ATH (Al) yana ba da babban sanyaya endothermic da rage hayaki. TOTP kuma yana ba da gudummawar phosphorus. Wannan yana ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗin gwiwa mai abubuwa da yawa.
• Matsayin ATH:Sassan 25-35 na ultrafine ATH babban abin da ke taimakawa wajen rage harshen wuta da kuma rage hayaki. Rushewar endothermic ɗinsa yana shan zafi, yayin da tururin ruwa da aka saki yana rage iskar oxygen da iskar gas mai ƙonewa.ATH mai laushi da kuma mai maganin saman yana da mahimmancidon rage tasirin danko da kuma inganta daidaiton PVC.
• Rage sinadarin aluminum hypophosphite:An rage daga sassa 30 zuwa 15-20 don rage nauyin tsarin yayin da ake ci gaba da bayar da gudummawar phosphorus.
• Rage yawan MCA:An rage daga sassa 10 zuwa 4-6 don hana ƙaura.

3. Maganin Yaɗuwa - Mahimmanci Don Nasara

• Mai rarrabawa sosai (sassa 3-4):Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa manyan kaya (jimillar sassan 50-70 na cikawa marasa tsari!), tsarin da ke da wahalar wargazawa (aluminum hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Magungunan da ke wargaza abinci na yau da kullun (misali, calcium stearate, kakin zuma na PE) ba su isa ba!Zuba jari a cikin na'urorin rarrabawa masu inganci da inganci kuma a yi amfani da isassun adadi.
• Abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar filastik (sassa 65-75):Kamar yadda yake a sama, yana rage yawan danko, yana samar da yanayi mafi kyau don warwatsewa.
• Man shafawa (sassa 1-2):Haɗakar man shafawa na ciki da waje yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan kwarara yayin haɗawa da shafa, wanda ke hana mannewa.

4. Sarrafawa - Tsarin Haɗawa Mai Tsauri

• Mataki na 1 (Foda mara tsari da aka haɗa da busasshe):
• Sai a zuba sinadarin aluminum hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, da duk wani abu mai matuƙar rarrabawa a cikin injin haɗa na'urar mai saurin gudu.
• A gauraya a zafin 80–90°C na tsawon mintuna 8–10. Manufa: Tabbatar cewa mai watsawa sosai ya rufe kowanne barbashi gaba ɗaya, yana karya agglomerates.Lokaci da yanayin zafi suna da mahimmanci!
• Mataki na 2 (Samar da slurry):
• A ƙara yawancin TOTP (misali, 70–80%), duk abubuwan daidaita zafi, da man shafawa na ciki zuwa ga cakuda daga Mataki na 1.
• A gauraya a zafin 90–100°C na tsawon mintuna 5–7 domin samar da wani abu mai kama da na roba mai hana harshen wuta. A tabbatar an jika foda sosai da robobi.
• Mataki na 3 (Ƙara PVC da sauran kayan aikin):
• Sai a ƙara resin PVC, sauran TOTP, man shafawa na waje (da kuma antioxidants/suppressors na UV, idan an ƙara su a wannan matakin).
• A gauraya a zafin 100–110°C na tsawon mintuna 7–10 har sai ya kai ga "bushewar" (babu wani ƙuraje).A guji haɗa abubuwa da yawa domin hana lalacewar PVC.
• Sanyaya:A sauke a sanyaya hadin zuwa <50°C domin hana taruwa.

5. Tsarin aiki na gaba

• Yi amfani da gaurayen busasshen da aka sanyaya don yin kalanda ko shafawa.
• A kula da zafin aiki sosai (zafin narkewa da aka ba da shawarar ≤170–175°C) don guje wa gazawar mai daidaita ko rugujewar abubuwan hana harshen wuta da wuri (misali, ATH).

V. Sakamakon da ake tsammani da kuma Gargaɗi

• Rashin ƙarfin harshen wuta:Idan aka kwatanta da dabarar asali (TOTM + babban aluminum hypophosphite/MCA), wannan dabarar da aka gyara (TOTP + ingantaccen rabon P/N/B/Al) yakamata ya inganta jinkirin harshen wuta sosai, musamman a cikin aikin ƙonawa a tsaye da kuma rage hayaki. Ma'aunin da aka nufa kamar CPAI-84 don tanti. Gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci: ASTM D6413 (ƙonawa a tsaye).
• Watsawa:Mai watsawa sosai + mai plasticizer mai ƙarfi + ingantaccen haɗawa kafin a fara amfani da shi ya kamata ya inganta watsawa sosai, rage haɗuwa da inganta daidaiton shafi.
• Tsarin sarrafawa:Isasshen TOTP da man shafawa ya kamata su tabbatar da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma su sa ido kan danko da mannewa yayin samarwa.
• Kudin:TOTP da super-dispersants suna da tsada, amma rage aluminum hypophosphite da MCA yana rage wasu farashi. ATH yana da rahusa.

Masu Tunatarwa Masu Muhimmanci:

• Gwaje-gwajen ƙananan matakai farko!Gwada a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma daidaita bisa ga ainihin kayan aiki (musamman ATH da aikin super-dispersant) da kayan aiki.
• Zaɓin kayan aiki:
• ATH:Dole ne a yi amfani da ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), wanda aka yi wa fenti da saman (misali, silane). Tuntuɓi masu samar da kayayyaki don shawarwari masu dacewa da PVC.
• Masu rarrabawa masu ƙarfi:Dole ne a yi amfani da nau'ikan na'urori masu inganci. Sanar da masu samar da kayayyaki game da aikace-aikacen (PVC, abubuwan cikawa marasa amfani da sinadarai masu yawa, masu hana harshen wuta mara halogen).
• TAMBAYOYI:Tabbatar da inganci mai kyau.
• Gwaji:Yi gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri game da hana harshen wuta ga ma'aunin da aka yi niyya. Haka kuma kimanta tsufa/juriyar ruwa (mahimmanci ga tantuna na waje!). Magungunan daidaita hasken UV da antioxidants suna da mahimmanci.

More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com