Matsalolin harshen wuta na tushen phosphorus wani nau'i ne na ingantaccen inganci, abin dogaro, da kuma amfani da harshen wuta wanda ya jawo hankalin masu bincike. An sami nasarori masu ban mamaki a cikin haɗarsu da aikace-aikacen su.
1. Aikace-aikace na Fosfor-Based Flame Retardants a PP
Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki na polypropylene (PP) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikace-aikacen masana'anta. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun iskar oxygen ɗin sa (LOI) yana kusa da 17.5% kawai, yana mai da shi ƙonewa sosai tare da saurin ƙonewa. Ƙimar kayan PP a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu suna tasiri ta hanyar jinkirin harshensu da kaddarorin jiki. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, microencapsulation da gyare-gyaren saman sun zama abubuwan farko a cikin kayan PP masu wuta.
Misali 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) wanda aka gyara tare da silane coupling agent (KH-550) kuma an yi amfani da maganin ethanol na silicone ga kayan PP. Lokacin da yawan juzu'in APP da aka gyara ya kai kashi 22%, LOI na kayan ya karu zuwa 30.5%, yayin da kayan aikin injinsa suma sun cika buƙatu kuma sun fi ƙarfin kayan PP waɗanda ba su da wuta tare da APP da ba a canza su ba.
Misali 2: APP an lullube shi a cikin wani harsashi wanda ya kunshi melamine (MEL), mai hydroxyl silicone oil, da resin formaldehyde ta hanyar polymerization na wurin. Bayan haka an haɗa microcapsules tare da pentaerythritol kuma an yi amfani da su zuwa kayan PP don jinkirin harshen wuta. Kayan ya nuna kyakkyawan jinkirin harshen wuta, tare da LOI na 32% da ƙimar gwajin ƙona a tsaye na UL94 V-0. Ko da bayan jiyya na nutsewar ruwan zafi, abin da ke tattare da shi ya ci gaba da riƙe kyakkyawan jinkirin harshen wuta da kaddarorin inji.
Misali 3: An gyara APP ta hanyar lullube shi da aluminum hydroxide (ATH), kuma an haɗa APP da aka gyara tare da dipentaerythritol a yawan adadin 2.5: 1 don amfani a cikin kayan PP. Lokacin da jimlar yawan jumullar mai riƙe harshen wuta ya kasance 25%, LOI ya kai 31.8%, ƙimar jinkirin harshen ya samu V-0, kuma ƙimar sakin zafi ya ragu sosai.
2. Aikace-aikace na Fosfor-Based Flame Retardants a PS
Polystyrene (PS) yana ƙonewa sosai kuma yana ci gaba da ƙonewa bayan an cire tushen wuta. Don magance al'amura kamar sakin zafi mai zafi da saurin yaɗuwar harshen wuta, masu riƙe harshen wuta na tushen halogen-free suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jinkirin harshen wuta na PS. Hanyoyi masu hana harshen wuta gama gari don PS sun haɗa da shafi, impregnation, gogewa, da jinkirin matakin harshen polymerization.
Misali 1: An haɗa sinadarin fosforous mai ɗauke da harshen wuta don PS mai faɗaɗawa ta hanyar sol-gel ta hanyar amfani da N-β- (aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane da phosphoric acid. An shirya kumfa PS mai hana wuta ta amfani da hanyar sutura. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 700 ° C, kumfa PS da aka yi amfani da shi tare da manne ya haifar da char Layer fiye da 49%.
Masu bincike a duk duniya sun gabatar da sifofi masu ɗauke da harshen wuta a cikin vinyl ko acrylic mahadi, waɗanda aka haɗa su da styrene don samar da novel phosphorus mai styrene copolymers. Nazarin ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da tsantsar PS, masu amfani da sinadarin phosphorus na styrene copolymers suna nuna ingantaccen LOI da ragowar char, yana nuna ingantaccen yanayin zafi da jinkirin harshen wuta.
Misali 2: An cusa vinyl-terminated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) akan babban sarkar PS ta hanyar copolymerization graft Copolymer mai saƙa ya nuna jinkirin harshen wuta ta hanyar ingantaccen tsari. Yayin da abun ciki na VOPP ya karu, LOI ya tashi, mafi girman sakin zafi da jimlar zafin zafi ya ragu, kuma narkewar narkewa ya ɓace, yana nuna mahimman tasirin wuta.
Bugu da ƙari, inorganic tushen harshen harshen wuta na iya haɗawa da sinadarai tare da graphite ko tushen harshen wuta na tushen nitrogen don amfani a cikin jinkirin harshen wuta na PS. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da hanyoyin shafa ko gogewa don amfani da tushen harshen wuta na tushen phosphorus zuwa PS, yana inganta haɓakar LOI da ragowar char sosai.
3. Aikace-aikace na Fosfor-Based Flame Retardants a PA
Polyamide (PA) yana ƙonewa sosai kuma yana haifar da hayaki mai yawa yayin konewa. Tunda ana amfani da PA da yawa a cikin kayan lantarki da kayan aiki, haɗarin haɗarin wuta yana da ƙarfi musamman. Saboda tsarin amide a cikin babban sarkar sa, PA na iya zama mai riƙe da wuta ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, tare da ƙari da kuma mai kunna wuta retardants yana tabbatar da tasiri sosai. Daga cikin PAs masu kashe wuta, gishirin alkyl phosphinate ne aka fi amfani dashi.
Misali 1: Aluminum isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) an ƙara shi zuwa matrix PA6 don shirya kayan haɗin gwiwa. A lokacin gwajin jinkirin harshen wuta, A-MBPa ya ruguje kafin PA6, yana samar da wani yanki mai tsayi da tsayi wanda ke kare PA6. Kayan ya sami LOI na 26.4% da ƙimar jinkirin harshen wuta na V-0.
Misali 2: A lokacin polymerization na hexamethylenediamine da adipic acid, 3 wt% na harshen wuta retardant bis (2-carboxyethyl) methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) aka kara don samar da harshen wuta-retardant PA66. Nazarin ya nuna cewa PA66 mai ɗaukar harshen wuta ya nuna babban jinkirin harshen wuta idan aka kwatanta da PA66 na al'ada, tare da mafi girman LOI. Binciken char Layer ya nuna cewa babban faffadan char mai kashe wuta PA66 ya ƙunshi pores masu girma dabam dabam, wanda ya taimaka keɓe zafi da canja wurin iskar gas, wanda ke nuna sanannen aikin hana wuta.
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Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-15-2025
