Adhesive / Sealant/ Aikace-aikacen daskarewa harshen wuta
Filin gini:Shigar da kofofin wuta, bangon wuta, allon wuta
Wurin lantarki da lantarki:Allolin kewayawa, kayan aikin lantarki
Masana'antar kera motoci:Wuraren zama, dashboards, guraben kofa
Filin Jirgin Sama:Kayan aikin jirgin sama, tsarin jirgin sama
Abubuwan gida:Furniture, benaye, fuskar bangon waya
Tef ɗin Canja wurin Manne Harshe:Mafi kyau ga karafa, kumfa da robobi kamar polyethylene
Aiki na Masu Retardawan Harshe
Masu riƙe da wuta suna hana ko jinkirta yaduwar wuta ta hanyar danne halayen sinadarai a cikin harshen wuta ko ta hanyar samuwar Layer na kariya a saman wani abu.
Ana iya haɗa su da kayan tushe (masu ƙarar harshen wuta) ko kuma a haɗa su ta hanyar sinadarai (masu kashe wuta).Ma'adinan harshen wuta na ma'adinai yawanci ƙari ne yayin da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta na iya zama ko dai mai amsawa ko ƙari.
Zayyana Maɗaukakin Wuta
Wuta tana da matakai guda hudu yadda ya kamata:
Ƙaddamarwa
Girma
Steady State, da
Lalacewa
Kwatanta Yanayin Lalacewar Na'urar Adhesive Na Musamman Thermoset
Tare Da Wadanda Aka Isa Wuta Daban-daban
Kowace jiha tana da madaidaicin zazzabi na lalacewa kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto.A cikin zayyana manne mai kashe gobara, masu ƙira dole ne su sanya ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don isar da juriya na zafin jiki a daidai matakin wuta don aikace-aikacen:
A cikin masana'anta na lantarki, alal misali, manne dole ne ya hana duk wani hali na kayan lantarki don kama wuta - ko farawa - idan akwai rashin lahani da ya haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki.
Don haɗa fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka, adhesives suna buƙatar tsayayya da ɓarna a cikin ci gaba da matakan daidaitawa, koda lokacin da ake hulɗa da harshen wuta kai tsaye.
● Dole ne su kuma rage yawan iskar gas da hayaƙin da ke fitarwa.Tsarukan masu ɗaukar kaya mai yuwuwa su fuskanci dukkan matakai huɗu na wuta.
Iyakance Zagayen Konewa
Don iyakance zagayen konewa, dole ne a cire ɗaya ko da yawa daga cikin hanyoyin da ke ba da gudummawa ga wuta ta kowane ɗayan:
● Kawar da man fetur mai lalacewa, kamar ta hanyar sanyaya
● Samar da shinge na thermal, kamar ta caji, don haka kawar da mai ta hanyar rage zafi, ko
● Kashe halayen sarkar a cikin harshen wuta, kamar ta hanyar ƙara masu ɓarna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi masu dacewa
Abubuwan da ke hana harshen wuta suna yin hakan ta hanyar yin aiki da sinadarai da/ko ta jiki a cikin lokaci mai ƙarfi (m) ko cikin lokacin iskar gas ta samar da ɗayan ayyuka masu zuwa:
●Mawallafin Char:Galibi mahadi na phosphorus, waɗanda ke cire tushen mai da carbon kuma suna samar da rufin rufi akan zafin wuta.Akwai hanyoyin samar da char guda biyu:
Juyar da halayen sinadarai da ke da hannu wajen bazuwar don jin daɗin halayen da ke haifar da carbon maimakon CO ko CO2 da
Samar da saman Layer na caja mai karewa
●Masu ɗaukar zafi:Yawanci ƙarfe hydrates, kamar aluminum trihydrate ko magnesium hydroxide, wanda ke cire zafi ta hanyar ƙazantar ruwa daga tsarin mai hana wuta.
●Masu kashe wuta:Yawancin tsarin halogen na tushen bromine ko chlorine wanda ke tsoma baki tare da halayen wuta.
● Masu haɗin gwiwa:Yawancin ƙwayoyin antimony, waɗanda ke haɓaka aikin kashe wuta.
Muhimmancin Masu Cire Wuta a Kariyar Wuta
Masu kare wuta wani muhimmin bangare ne na kariyar wuta domin ba wai kawai rage hadarin tashin gobara ba ne, har ma da yaduwarta.Wannan yana ƙara lokacin tserewa kuma, don haka, yana kare mutane, dukiya, da muhalli.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kafa manne a matsayin mai hana wuta.Bari mu fahimci rarrabuwa na retardants na harshen wuta daki-daki.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don mannen kashe gobara yana ƙaruwa kuma amfani da su yana faɗaɗa zuwa nau'ikan misalan masana'antu daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da sararin samaniya, gini, lantarki da jigilar jama'a (jirgin ƙasa musamman).
1: Don haka, ɗayan mahimmin mahimmin mahimmin mahimmin shine zama mai jurewa harshen wuta / rashin ƙonewa ko, mafi kyau har yanzu, hana wuta - mai hana wuta da kyau.
2: Kada abin da ake amfani da shi ya ba da hayaki mai yawa ko mai guba.
3: Adhesive yana buƙatar kiyaye amincin tsarin sa a yanayin zafi mai yawa (yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafin jiki kamar yadda zai yiwu).
4: Bazuwar kayan mannewa bai kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba ba.
Yana kama da tsari mai tsayi don fito da manne wanda zai iya dacewa da waɗannan buƙatun - kuma a wannan matakin, danko, launi, saurin warkewa da hanyar warkewa da aka fi so, cike gibin, ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki, haɓakar zafi, da marufi ba su ma kasance ba. la'akari.Amma masu ilimin kimiyyar ci gaba suna jin daɗin ƙalubale mai kyau don haka KAWO SHI!
Dokokin muhalli sun zama na musamman masana'antu da yanki
An gano babban rukuni na magungunan kashe wuta da aka yi nazari suna da kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli da kiwon lafiya.Wadannan su ne:
● Ammonium polyphosphate
● Aluminum diethylphosphinate
● Aluminum hydroxide
● Magnesium hydroxide
● Melamine polyphosphate
● Dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene
● Zinc stannate
● Zinc hydroxstannate
Dagewar harshen wuta
Ana iya haɓaka mannewa don dacewa da ma'aunin zamiya na jinkirin gobara - anan akwai cikakkun bayanai na rabe-raben Gwajin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.A matsayin masana'antun manne, muna ganin buƙatun musamman don UL94 V-0 kuma lokaci-lokaci don HB.
Farashin UL94
HB: jinkirin ƙonawa akan samfurin kwance.Yawan ƙonewa <76mm/min don kauri <3mm ko tsayawar ƙonewa kafin 100mm
● V-2: (a tsaye) ƙonawa yana tsayawa a cikin <30 seconds kuma kowane ɗigon ruwa yana iya zama mai walƙiya
● V-1: (a tsaye) ƙonawa yana tsayawa a cikin <30 seconds, kuma ana ba da izinin drips (amma dole ne.bakona)
● V-0 (a tsaye) ƙonawa yana tsayawa a cikin <10 seconds, kuma ana barin ɗigogi (amma dole nebakona)
● 5VB (samfurin plaque na tsaye) yana tsayawa a cikin <60 seconds, babu drips;samfurin na iya haɓaka rami.
● 5VA kamar yadda yake sama amma ba a yarda ya haɓaka rami ba.
Rarraba biyun na ƙarshe zasu shafi panel ɗin da aka ɗaure maimakon wani samfurin manne.
Gwajin abu ne mai sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar nagartaccen kayan aiki, ga ainihin saitin gwaji:
Yana iya zama da wahala a yi wannan gwajin akan wasu manne kadai.Musamman don mannewa waɗanda ba za su warke ba da kyau a waje da rufaffiyar haɗin gwiwa.A wannan yanayin, zaku iya gwadawa kawai tsakanin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Koyaya, manne epoxy da mannen UV ana iya warkewa azaman ingantaccen samfurin gwaji.Sa'an nan kuma, saka samfurin gwaji a cikin muƙamuƙi na tsayawar matsawa.Ajiye guga yashi kusa, kuma muna bada shawarar yin hakan a ƙarƙashin hakar ko a cikin kwandon hayaki.Kar a kashe kowane ƙararrawar hayaki!Musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da sabis na gaggawa.Ɗauki samfurin a kan wuta da kuma tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauki harshen wuta don kashewa.Bincika kowane ɗigon ruwa a ƙasa (da fatan, kuna da tire da za a iya zubarwa a wurin; in ba haka ba, bye-bye nice worktop).
Masanan sinadarai masu mannewa suna haɗa abubuwa da yawa don yin abin da ke hana wuta - kuma wani lokacin har ma don kashe wuta (ko da yake wannan fasalin yana da wahala a cimma a zamanin yau tare da yawancin masana'antun kayayyaki yanzu suna buƙatar ƙirar halogen-free).
Abubuwan da ake ƙara don mannen wuta sun haɗa da
●Magungunan char-forming na halitta waɗanda ke taimakawa rage zafi da hayaƙi da kuma kare kayan da ke ƙasa daga ci gaba da konewa.
● Masu ɗaukar zafi, waɗannan hydrates na ƙarfe ne na yau da kullun waɗanda ke taimakawa ba da mannewa manyan kaddarorin thermal (sau da yawa, ana zaɓar adhesives na kashe wuta don aikace-aikacen haɗaɗɗen zafin rana inda ake buƙatar matsakaicin matsakaicin thermal).
Yana da ma'auni a hankali kamar yadda waɗannan additives zasu haifar da tsangwama tare da wasu kaddarorin m kamar ƙarfi, rheology, saurin warkarwa, sassauci da sauransu.
Shin akwai bambanci tsakanin adhesives masu hana wuta da adhesives masu hana wuta?
Ee!Akwai.Dukansu sharuɗɗan an yi watsi da su a cikin labarin, amma tabbas zai fi kyau a daidaita labarin.
Adhesives masu jure wuta
waɗannan sau da yawa samfura ne irin su siminti na manne da siminti.Ba sa ƙonewa kuma suna jure yanayin zafi.Aikace-aikace na waɗannan nau'ikan samfuran sun haɗa da, murhun wuta, tanda da sauransu. Ba sa yin wani abu don hana taron konewa.Amma suna yin babban aiki na riƙe duk abubuwan da ke ƙonewa tare.
Adhesives masu hana wuta
Wadannan suna taimakawa wajen kashe wutar da kuma rage yaduwar wuta.
Yawancin masana'antu suna neman irin waɗannan nau'ikan manne
● Kayan lantarki- don tukunyar tukwane da na'urorin lantarki, haɗa kwandon zafi, allunan da'ira da sauransu. Gajerun da'ira na iya kunna wuta cikin sauƙi.Amma PCBs sun ƙunshi mahadi masu hana wuta - galibi yana da mahimmanci cewa adhesives suma suna da waɗannan kaddarorin.
● Ginawa- rufi da shimfidar ƙasa (musamman a wuraren jama'a) galibi dole ne su kasance marasa konewa kuma a haɗa su da abin ɗamara mai kashe wuta.
● sufurin jama'a- motocin jirgin ƙasa, motocin bas, trams da dai sauransu. Aikace-aikace don adhesives na riƙe wuta sun haɗa da haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa, shimfidar bene, da sauran kayan gyara da kayan aiki.Ba wai kawai mannen ya taimaka wajen dakatar da yaduwar wuta ba.Amma suna samar da haɗin gwiwa na ado ba tare da buƙatar unsightly (da rattly) na injiniyoyi ba.
● Jirgin sama- kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kayan cikin gida suna ƙarƙashin tsauraran ƙa'idodi.Dole ne su kasance masu kare wuta kuma ba za su cika gidan da hayaƙi ba yayin gobara.
Ka'idoji da Hanyoyin Gwaji don Masu Cire Harshe
Ma'auni masu alaƙa da gwajin gobara suna nufin tantance aikin wani abu dangane da harshen wuta, hayaki, da guba (FST).An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don sanin juriya na kayan zuwa waɗannan yanayi.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka zaɓa don Masu Retardawan Harshe
| Juriya ga Konawa | |
| Saukewa: ASTM D635 | "Yawan Kona Filastik" |
| Saukewa: ASTM E162 | "Ƙarfin Kayan Filastik" |
| Farashin 94 | "Ƙarfin Kayan Filastik" |
| ISO 5657 | "Ignitability of Gina Products" |
| Farashin 6853 | "Yaɗa harshen wuta" |
| FAR 25.853 | "Ma'auni na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa |
| NF T 51-071 | "Oxygen Index" |
| NF C 20-455 | Gwajin Waya mai haske |
| Farashin 53438 | "Yaɗa harshen wuta" |
| Juriya ga Babban Zazzabi | |
| BS 476 Sashi na 7 | "Yaɗuwar harshen wuta - Kayan Gina" |
| Farashin 4172 | "Halayen Wuta na Kayan Gina" |
| Saukewa: ASTM E648 | "Rufin bene - Radiant Panel" |
| Guba | |
| Saukewa: SMP800C | "Gwajin Dafi" |
| Farashin 6853 | "Tsarin hayaki" |
| NF X 70-100 | "Gwajin Dafi" |
| Farashin 1000.01 | "Yawan Hayaki" |
| Haihuwar Hayaki | |
| Farashin 6401 | "Takamaiman Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Hayaki" |
| Farashin 6853 | "Tsarin hayaki" |
| Farashin 711 | "Fihirisar Hayaki na Samfuran Konewa" |
| Saukewa: ASTM D2843 | "Yawan Hayaki daga Ƙona Filastik" |
| ISO CD5659 | "Takamaiman Ƙarfin gani - Ƙarfafa Hayaki" |
| Farashin 1000.01 | "Yawan Hayaki" |
| Farashin 54837 | "Tsarin Hayaki" |
Gwajin Juriya ga Konewa
A yawancin gwaje-gwajen da ke auna juriya ga ƙonawa, manne masu dacewa sune waɗanda ba sa ci gaba da ƙonewa na kowane lokaci mai mahimmanci bayan cire tushen kunnawa.A cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen samfurin manne da aka warke za a iya kunna wuta ba tare da wani manne ba (ana gwada mannen azaman fim ɗin kyauta).
Ko da yake wannan hanya ba ta kwatanta gaskiya mai amfani ba, yana ba da bayanai masu amfani akan juriya na mannewa don ƙonewa.
Za'a iya gwada tsarin samfurin tare da mannewa da mannewa.Waɗannan sakamakon na iya zama ƙarin wakilcin aikin mannewa a cikin ainihin wuta tunda gudummawar da aka bayar na iya zama mai kyau ko mara kyau.
UL-94 Gwajin Kona A tsaye
Yana ba da ƙima na farko game da flammability na dangi da digo don polymers da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan lantarki, na'urorin lantarki, na'urori, da sauran aikace-aikace.Yana magance irin waɗannan halayen ƙarshen amfani na ƙonewa, ƙimar ƙonewa, yaduwar harshen wuta, gudummawar mai, tsananin ƙonewa, da samfuran konewa.
Aiki da Saita - A cikin wannan gwajin an ɗora fim ko samfurin substrate mai rufi a tsaye a cikin daftarin shinge kyauta.Ana sanya mai ƙonawa a ƙarƙashin samfurin na tsawon daƙiƙa 10 kuma an ƙayyade lokacin ƙonewa.Duk wani digo da ke kunna audugar tiyata da aka sanya inci 12 a ƙasa da samfurin ana lura da shi.
Gwajin yana da rarrabuwa da yawa:
94 V-0: Babu samfurin da ke da konewa sama da daƙiƙa 10 bayan kunnawa.Samfuran ba sa ƙonewa har zuwa matsewa, ɗigo da kunna audugar, ko kuma suna da ƙonewa na tsawon daƙiƙa 30 bayan cire wutar gwajin.
94 V-1: Babu wani samfurin da zai sami konewa sama da daƙiƙa 30 bayan kowace kunnawa.Samfuran ba sa ƙonewa har zuwa matsi, ɗigo da kunna auduga, ko kuma suna da haske na sama da daƙiƙa 60.
94 V-2: Wannan ya ƙunshi ma'auni iri ɗaya na V-1, sai dai an ba da izinin samfurin su drip da kunna auduga a ƙarƙashin samfurin.
Wasu Dabaru don Auna Juriya na Ƙona
Wata hanya don auna juriya mai ƙonewa na abu shine auna ma'aunin iskar oxygen mai iyaka (LOI).LOI shine mafi ƙarancin tara iskar oxygen da aka bayyana azaman ƙarar kashi na cakuɗewar iskar oxygen da nitrogen wanda kawai ke goyan bayan konewar abu da farko a zafin daki.
Juriya na mannewa zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi a yanayin wuta yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ban da harshen wuta, hayaki, da tasirin guba.Sau da yawa substrate zai kare m daga wuta.Duk da haka, idan mannen ya sassauta ko ya ragu saboda zafin wuta, haɗin gwiwa zai iya kasawa ya haifar da rabuwa da manne da manne.Idan wannan ya faru, manne kanta ya zama fallasa tare da na biyu substrate.Wadannan sabbin saman sa'an nan na iya kara ba da gudummawa ga wuta.
An yi amfani da ɗakin yawan hayaki na NIST (ASTM D2843, BS 6401) a cikin duk sassan masana'antu don ƙayyade hayaki da aka samar da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi da majalisai waɗanda aka ɗora a tsaye a cikin ɗakin da aka rufe.Ana auna yawan hayaki da gani.
Lokacin da aka yi sandwiched wani manne tsakanin manne guda biyu, juriya na wuta da kuma thermal conductivity na substrates suna sarrafa bazuwar da hayaki na mannen.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen yawan hayaki, ana iya gwada mannewa shi kaɗai a matsayin suturar kyauta don ƙaddamar da mummunan yanayin.
Nemo Madaidaicin Makin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarshe
Duba ɗimbin maki mai riƙe harshen wuta da ake samu a kasuwa a yau, bincika bayanan fasaha na kowane samfur, sami taimakon fasaha ko buƙatar samfuran.
TF-101, TF-201, TF-AMP
